World Geography - Test 2

Questions

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1. 1What is the main goal of Mercosur?
   ATo promote military alliances in South America

   BTo allow free trade among South American countries

   CTo regulate immigration between countries

   DTo standardize currency across South America
2. 2Political corruption can directly hurt a country's economy because
   AIt increases foreign investment

   BIt wastes money that could be invested

   CIt strengthens local businesses

   DIt lowers taxes for citizens
3. 3Why does deforestation contribute to climate change?
   AIt increases rainfall in nearby regions

   BIt reduces the amount of farmland available

   CWhen trees are cut down, carbon stored in them is released

   DIt causes soil to become more fertile
4. 4Which would be most likely to solve Venezuela's problem with oil pollution?
   AA more effective government

   BIncreased oil exports

   CReduced foreign investment

   DA switch to coal production
5. 5What is the most likely way in which anti-poverty NGOs like Oxfam could help South America to address political challenges?
   ABy funding military operations

   BBy promoting foreign colonization

   CBy increasing oil production

   DEnding poverty could reduce political instability and corruption
6. 6Brazil's economy today can best be described as
   AEntirely agricultural

   BModern and diversified

   CDependent solely on oil exports

   DCentrally planned and isolated
7. 7Venezuela's economic institutions differ from those of other nations in the region mainly because Venezuela
   ADepends heavily on a nationalized oil industry

   BRelies mostly on tourism

   CHas no natural resources

   DUses a fully privatized banking system
8. 8Countries with higher literacy rates tend to have
   AStronger economies

   BWeaker economies

   CSmaller populations

   DLess political stability
9. 9How do Spanish South America's governments compare with that of the United States?
   AThey are mostly monarchies unlike the United States

   BThey are mostly democracies like the United States

   CThey are mostly dictatorships unlike the United States

   DThey have no formal constitutions
10. 10All South American economies are
    APurely capitalist with no government involvement

    BPurely socialist with full government control

    CMixed economies that generally follow market principles, but the government also plays a role

    DBased entirely on subsistence farming
11. 11Which of the following shows the strong influence of African traditions in Brazil?
    AMusic and dance during the celebration of Carnival

    BThe widespread use of the Portuguese language

    CThe design of colonial government buildings

    DThe layout of Brazilian cities
12. 12How are the Guianas different from the Caribbean islands?
    AThey were never colonized by Europeans

    BThey rely entirely on oil exports

    CThey have no coastal access

    DThey use languages brought by European colonists
13. 13How is Carnival an example of cultural exchange in South America?
    AIt originated entirely from Indigenous traditions

    BIt combines African dance and European religion

    CIt was created solely by Portuguese settlers

    DIt has no connection to religious practices
14. 14How is Paraguay different from the other countries in the Southern Cone?
    AAlmost all of its people speak a South American Indian language

    BIt has no official language

    CIt was colonized by Portugal

    DIt has the largest population in the region
15. 15How is Brazil different from all other South American countries?
    AIt has no Indigenous population

    BIt is the smallest country in South America

    CIts official language is Portuguese

    DIt has never had a democratic government
16. 16Simón Bolívar is best known for
    ALeading the fight for independence from Spain in South America

    BEstablishing the encomienda system

    CFounding the city of Tenochtitlán

    DNegotiating the Treaty of Tordesillas
17. 17Unstable post-independence governments in South America were further weakened by
    AExcessive foreign aid

    BEconomic inequality

    CToo much political unity

    DOverly strong central banks
18. 18One negative aspect of Brazil's government in the second half of the 1900s was that
    AIt refused all foreign trade

    BIt eliminated its military entirely

    CEconomic progress came at the expense of democracy

    DIt banned all forms of industry
19. 19How did Brazil gain its independence?
    AThrough a violent revolution against Portugal

    BBy purchasing its independence from Spain

    CThrough a United Nations resolution

    DBrazil was declared an independent empire by Portugal's royal family
20. 20Why did military leaders overthrow the governments of Chile and Argentina in the 1970s?
    AThey wanted to expand trade with Asia

    BThey feared their governments were moving toward communism

    CThey sought to abolish private property

    DThey wanted to increase immigration
21. 21What had weakened the Incan empire before the Spanish conquered it?
    AA prolonged drought

    BConflict with the Aztecs

    CDisease and war

    DOverpopulation of cities
22. 22How did the Spanish conquest affect culture in the Americas?
    AThe Spanish, American Indian, and African cultures blended over time

    BIndigenous cultures were left completely unaffected

    COnly Spanish culture survived the conquest

    DAfrican culture had no influence on the region
23. 23What was the purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
    ATo end the Mexican Revolution

    BTo establish trade routes with Asia

    CTo divide the non-European world between Spain and Portugal

    DTo free enslaved Africans in the Americas
24. 24What effect did Spanish and Portuguese colonization have on South American Indians?
    AWarfare, disease, and harsh treatment, including being forced to work in silver mines or sugar plantations, caused the deaths of many native people

    BPopulations grew rapidly due to new farming techniques

    CIndigenous groups gained full political independence

    DTrade with Europe made Indigenous communities wealthy
25. 25Brazil's history differs from the history of most countries in South America because Brazil
    ANever had European contact

    BWas colonized by Portugal, not Spain

    CWas the first to gain independence

    DHad no Indigenous population before colonization
26. 26What was the Incan mita system?
    ALabor as payment for taxes

    BA system of written laws

    CA form of religious worship

    DA method of tracking astronomical events
27. 27Despite having little freedom, people under Incan rule benefited from
    AComplete freedom of movement

    BGovernment support during crises

    CThe right to elect leaders

    DExemption from all labor
28. 28The social hierarchy of the Incas
    ARanked people according to their importance

    BTreated all citizens as equals

    CWas based solely on wealth

    DDid not include a ruling class
29. 29Why did the Incas build terraces?
    ATo create defensive walls

    BTo store water for religious ceremonies

    CTo mark territorial boundaries

    DTo increase the amount of fertile farmland
30. 30How are quipus different from records kept by European and Asian societies at around the same time?
    AQuipus conveyed information through a pattern of knots on strings

    BQuipus were carved into stone tablets

    CQuipus used a written alphabet

    DQuipus were printed using a press
31. 31What is one effect of deforestation?
    ASoil erosion

    BIncreased rainfall

    CPopulation growth

    DStronger local economies
32. 32In Mexico and most of Central America, most wealth is
    AConcentrated within the upper class

    BEvenly distributed among citizens

    CControlled by foreign governments

    DHeld mostly by rural farmers
33. 33Which of the following is a reason so many people have migrated from Middle America to other regions?
    AThey wanted to explore new cultures

    BThey hope to escape poverty

    CThey were required to by law

    DThey sought better weather conditions
34. 34Earthquakes and erosion can combine to cause deadly
    ADroughts

    BMudslides

    CWildfires

    DBlizzards
35. 35Which of the following is an example of an infrastructure problem in Mexico City?
    AExcess of public parks

    BInsufficient transportation systems

    CToo many hospitals

    DOverabundance of clean water
36. 36One negative effect that tourism has had in the Caribbean is that it
    ALeads to water shortages

    BEliminates local jobs

    CReduces foreign investment

    DDecreases cultural exchange
37. 37The religions of Santería and Vodou are examples of
    AReligions with no historical connection to Africa

    BPurely European religious traditions

    CReligions banned throughout the Caribbean

    DThe blending of Spanish and West African cultures in the Caribbean
38. 38How is Cuba's government different from that of the Dominican Republic?
    ACuba is a communist dictatorship; the Dominican Republic is a democracy

    BCuba is a democracy; the Dominican Republic is a monarchy

    CBoth countries have identical governments

    DCuba has no central government
39. 39Most governments in the Caribbean today are
    AAbsolute monarchies

    BParliamentary democracies

    CMilitary dictatorships

    DCommunist states
40. 40Which language combines French and African influences?
    AHaitian Creole

    BSpanish

    CPortuguese

    DQuechua
41. 41What characteristic of Costa Rica has contributed to its having the most stable government in Central America?
    AA large standing army

    BLack of a standing army

    CIts isolation from trade routes

    DA strict one-party political system
42. 42What would happen in Mexico if remittances from the United States slowed down?
    AThe Mexican economy would slow down

    BMexican exports would increase

    CMexico's population would grow rapidly

    DMexico's tourism industry would boom
43. 43What has been the result of the shift toward a more free-market economy in Mexico?
    AGreater economic growth

    BComplete economic collapse

    CA return to subsistence farming

    DElimination of all foreign trade
44. 44A key goal of ecotourism is to
    AMinimize the environmental impact of tourism

    BMaximize industrial development

    CIncrease deforestation for new resorts

    DReduce local involvement in tourism
45. 45How is Mexico's constitution different from the constitution of the United States?
    AIt does not allow for elections

    BIt was written before the U.S. Constitution

    CEligible voters are required by law to vote in elections

    DIt grants no rights to citizens
46. 46What feature makes the Mexican Plateau significant?
    AIt is home to most of Mexico's major cities

    BIt is entirely uninhabited

    CIt borders the Caribbean Sea

    DIt has no agricultural use
47. 47What is the most common cause of the Mexican and Central American diaspora?
    AReligious persecution

    BPoverty

    CNatural disasters alone

    DPolitical elections
48. 48What are the two cultural backgrounds of a majority of Mexicans?
    AAfrican and European

    BPortuguese and Indigenous

    CFrench and Spanish

    DSpanish and Mexican Indian
49. 49In Mexico, "Race Day" is a celebration of
    AMexico's independence from Spain

    BMexico's cultural diversity

    CThe founding of Mexico City

    DMexico's agricultural traditions
50. 50How has Mexico's population changed in recent decades?
    AIt has shifted from urban to rural

    BIt has remained entirely rural

    CThe bulk of the population has shifted from rural to urban

    DIt has decreased significantly overall
51. 51Which of the following was shipped to the Caribbean in the triangular system of trade that connected the Caribbean, Europe, and Africa?
    AManufactured European goods only

    BSilver from South America

    CEnslaved Africans

    DTobacco from North America
52. 52After countries in Central America and the Caribbean declared their independence, foreign powers continued to be involved in the region because
    AThe region had no natural resources

    BMany countries depended on foreign investors to build their economies

    CLocal governments requested military occupation

    DForeign powers were legally obligated to remain
53. 53Cuba under the rule of Fulgencio Batista was an example of which form of government, common in the region in the 1900s?
    ADictatorship

    BParliamentary democracy

    CConstitutional monarchy

    DDirect democracy
54. 54For what accomplishment is Toussaint L'Ouverture remembered?
    ALeading the first successful independence movement in the Caribbean

    BEstablishing the Treaty of Tordesillas

    CFounding the city of Havana

    DWriting Mexico's 1917 constitution
55. 55A revolution in 1959 led to Cuba becoming
    AA democratic republic

    BA communist dictatorship

    CA Spanish colony again

    DA member of NATO
56. 56Which of the following laid the groundwork for the revolt that led to Mexico's independence from Spain?
    AThe signing of the Treaty of Tordesillas

    BThe discovery of oil reserves

    CThe founding of Tenochtitlán

    DThe conquest of Spain by Napoleon Bonaparte
57. 57In the late 1900s, conflict broke out in Central American countries such as Guatemala and Nicaragua as people fought to overthrow
    AForeign colonizers

    BDictatorships

    CDemocratic elections

    DReligious institutions
58. 58How did Mexico's new constitution in 1917 aim to change Mexican life?
    AIt abolished all private property

    BIt reinstated Spanish colonial rule

    CIt removed voting rights from citizens

    DIt gave more land to farmers and more rights to workers
59. 59Which of the following best describes most of today's Central American countries in the 1820s?
    AThey remained Spanish colonies

    BThey became part of the United States

    CThey won independence from Spain

    DThey were controlled by Portugal
60. 60Which of the following was an immediate cause of the Mexican Revolution of 1910?
    AForeign military invasion

    BA sudden economic boom

    CWidespread poverty

    DThe signing of a new trade agreement
61. 61Which of the following details shows the impact of resources on Mexico's history?
    ASpanish conquistadors came to Mexico to find gold

    BMexico had no valuable resources

    CThe Aztecs refused to trade with Europeans

    DMexico's climate prevented any agriculture
62. 62What happened when Cortés and his soldiers first arrived in the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán?
    AThey were immediately attacked

    BThe Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomed them as guests at first

    CThey were turned away at the border

    DThey destroyed the city on arrival
63. 63In Spanish colonial society, the group in the highest position were the
    AMestizos

    BIndigenous nobles

    CPeninsulares

    DEnslaved Africans
64. 64What happened to American Indians as a result of the Spanish conquest of the Americas?
    AThey gained significant political power

    BMany died from disease and mistreatment

    CTheir populations grew rapidly

    DThey were unaffected by colonization
65. 65What was the main result of the encomienda system?
    ANative people were forced to work for Spanish colonists

    BNative people gained land ownership rights

    CSpanish colonists paid native people fair wages

    DNative people were granted full citizenship